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The ecological system and the regionalization of landscape reconstruction in northwest of China

Peicheng LI,Guoyuan DU,Qilei LI,Jinfeng WANG,Feimin ZHENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 291-298 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014033

摘要： The northwest of China is a vast area with abundant resources and significant potential for development. However, the ecological system is extremely vulnerable to damage and must be managed carefully. Thus, the Chinese government is strengthening research on improvement and reconstruction of the ecological system and landscape in northwest of China while moving forward with large-scale development in west China. The disadvantages and vulnerabilities in the northwest area in China are presented. It is suggested that the reconstruction of landscape should be conducted by step by step regionalization across the various ecological systems in the 3.04 million km northwest area of China. The first level regionalization results of reconstruction of landscape are discussed.

关键词： reconstruction of landscape ecological system the northwest area of China science and technology action

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Rural houses with appropriate strategies in northwest China: a practice of ecological houses in Ningxia

Qun ZHANG, Rui LIANG, Jiaping LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 483-489 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0092-4

摘要： The severe problem of rural vernacular houses in northwest china is low thermal comfortableness with high consumption of energy in winter. Under such circumstance, the appropriate technologies that create comfortable living environment under the inclement local weather by low cost should be encouraged. In Ningxia Province, Jianfuqiao village, the ecological technologies are presented. By comparing with traditional buildings, the testing and thermal environment analysis verified the effectiveness of the passive used solar technologies.

关键词： rural houses ecological technology thermal environment northwest China

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A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要： Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词： agricultural production efficiency DEA model input redundancy irrigation districts Northwest Arid Areas in China

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我国西北地区水资源利用及保护问题研究

陈敏,黄政,陈卫杰

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 98-101

摘要：

在综述西北地区水资源状况和特征的基础上，分析现在西北地区水资源开发利用存在的问题，探讨西北地区水资源科学利用和管理的基本原则，以及西北水资源科学利用和管理的立法建议。

关键词：水资源西北地区立法建议

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西北地区水资源与食物安全可持续发展研究

王玉宝,刘显,史利洁,上官周平,吴普特,山仑,赵西宁

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 38-44 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.017

摘要：

西北地区光热土资源丰富，区域食物安全的可持续发展主要受限于其有限的水资源。本文以水足迹和虚拟水为分析工具，评估了西北地区作物生产用水效率、水资源压力和作物虚拟水输出情况。基于国际化绿色化背景，以及西北地区粮食生产及农业用水的预测结果，提出逐步减少区域农业用水总量，优化调整作物种植结构和实施丝路经济带虚拟水工程，以期为区域水资源合理利用和食物安全战略的制定提供参考。

关键词：西北地区食物安全水资源可持续发展

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西北旱区现代农业提质增效发展模式探究

邓铭江,王全九,陶汪海,王子天,曹晶晶

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 59-72 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.016

摘要： Research on Strategies for Improving Agricultural Efficient Water Use and Ecological Service Functions in Northwest

关键词：西北旱区；现代生态农业；水土资源；提质增效；理论框架；发展模式

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西北地区能源生产消费特征与发展路径研究

孙勇凯,罗西,王登甲,刘艳峰,刘加平

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 38-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.006

摘要：

西北地区能源资源富集，但存在着能源效率低下、能源结构失配等严峻问题；评估能源发展水平并针对性地设计能源发展路径，对保障西北地区能源安全、提升发展质量具有重要价值。本文从西北地区发展实际出发，深入剖析了区域的能源生产消费水平特征，明晰了能源发展面临的突出问题；综合采用灰色预测方法、多元回归方法预测了2023—2030年的能源发展水平，据此完成了西北地区能源发展路径设计。研究表明，近年来西北地区的能源结构不断优化，可再生能源生产消费水平持续上升，但生产消费比例仍然远低于传统能源，经济、产业、技术问题对能源发展的影响不容忽视。为此建议，以传统能源与新能源相互融合为发展方向，采取持续推进供给革命、消费革命、技术革命、体制革命、交流合作等发展途径，按照多主体协同方式，实施总体能源发展的行动方案，通过能源转型实现西北地区绿色更新发展。

关键词：西北地区；能源规划；能源生产消费；可再生能源；绿色更新发展

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Fundamental characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

Xin LYU, Qingping LI, Yang GE, Junlong ZHU, Shouwei ZHOU, Qiang FU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 367-373 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0714-z

摘要： The basic physical properties of marine natural gas hydrate deposits are important to the understanding of seabed growth conditions, occurrence regularity, and occurrence environment of natural gas hydrates. A comprehensive analysis of the core samples of drilling pressure-holding hydrate deposits at a depth of 1310 m in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea was conducted. The experimental results indicate that the particle size in the hydrate sediment samples are mainly distributed in the range from 7.81 µm to 21.72µm, and the average particle size decreases as the depth of the burial increases. The X-ray CT analytical images and surface characteristics SEM scan images suggest that the sediment is mostly silty clay. There are a large number of bioplastics in the sediment, and the crack inside the core may be areas of hydrate formation.

关键词： natural gas hydrate Shenhu area reservoirs characteristics

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适应西北地区工业城镇特征的工业建筑环境保障技术研究

王怡,吴松恒,杨洋,黄艳秋 ,曹智翔 ,周宇,刘雅琳

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 198-207 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.017

摘要：

我国城镇化发展进入新阶段，探索工业城镇绿色发展的差异化路径，对于破解地区经济发展与宜居环境之间的矛盾具有积极意义；西北地区工业城镇中依赖矿产资源禀赋的高污染、高能耗型重工业企业众多，加强高污染散发类工业建筑的空气环境治理，旨在提高污染源头控制效率、改善岗位作业环境质量、降低工业建筑环境控制能耗。本文辨识了西北地区工业城镇的资源禀赋与产业特征，明确了开展工业建筑环境治理的基本背景；从大气环境质量、工业建筑室内空气质量控制两方面分析了西北地区工业城镇多尺度空气环境关键问题。在此基础上，系统论述了适应西北地区工业城镇特征的工业建筑环境保障技术体系，涵盖污染物源头捕集能效提升技术、室内空间环境高效通风气流组织新模式、污染物高效除尘净化技术、工业建筑节能综合技术。研究总结了所提创新技术成果的适用性及推广价值，还可配套管理、监测层面的新举措，积极运用智能化技术以增强应用成效。

关键词：西北地区；工业城镇；工业建筑；环境保障；高污染散发；减污降碳协同

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physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing unconsolidated sediment samples from the ultra-deepwater areain the South China Sea

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 509-520 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0786-4

摘要： Marine natural gas hydrate has recently attracted global attention as a potential new clean energy source. Laboratory measurements of various physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments can provide valuable information for developing efficient and safe extraction technology of natural gas hydrates. This study presents comprehensive measurement results and analysis of drilled hydrate-bearing sediments samples recovered from Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea. The results show that the gas hydrate in the core samples is mainly methane hydrate with a methane content of approximately 95%, and the other components are ethane and carbon dioxide. The saturation of the samples fluctuates from 2%–60%, the porosity is approximately 38%–43%, and the water content is approximately 30%–50%, which indicate that high water saturation means that timely drainage should be paid attention to during hydrate extraction. In addition, the median diameter of the sediment samples is mainly distributed in the range of 15 to 34 μm, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sand production in the mining process. Moreover, the thermal conductivity is distributed in the range of 0.75 to 0.96 W/(m∙K) as measured by the flat plate heat source method. The relatively low thermal conductivity of hydrates at this study site indicates that a combined approach is encouraged for natural gas production technologies. It is also found that clay flakes and fine particles are attached to the surface of large particles in large numbers. Such characteristics will lead to insufficient permeability during the production process.

关键词： natural gas hydrates physical properties analysis hydrate-bearing sediments

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虚拟水流视角下西北地区农业水资源安全格局与调控

张家欣,邓铭江,李鹏,李占斌,黄会平,时鹏,冯朝红

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 131-140 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.014

摘要： China [J].The Research on runoff evolution and allocation of water resources in area of Qianzhong water diversionSustainable development of water resources and food security in Northwest China [J].China [J].China [J].

关键词：西北地区农作物生产和贸易水安全粮食安全实体水–虚拟水循环调控区域协调发展

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中国近海油气勘探进展

朱伟林

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 18-24

摘要：

近年来，中国近海的油气勘探坚持以寻找大中型油气田为指导思想，以区域研究为基础，以科学合理部署为保证，针对中国近海独特的油气地质特征，通过创新认识和技术进步，坚持走高效勘探之路，取得了丰硕成果，新发现储量屡创历史新高，步入了历史上最好时期。然而，随着勘探程度的提高和勘探领域的拓展，中国近海油气勘探也面临越来越多的挑战。

关键词：中国近海大中型油气田高效勘探挑战

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Epidemiological study of a von Hippel-Lindau family in northwest China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 378-385 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0276-0

摘要：

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, inherited neoplastic disease characterized by hemangioblastomas (HBL) of the central nervous system (CNS), retinal angiomas, renal cell carcinomas (RCC), pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and visceral cysts. We encountered a large VHL family in northwest China and conducted a systematic screening of the family members based on their epidemiological and clinical characteristics. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general sociodemographic and health information of the family members. For the preliminary family screening, physical examination and abdomen B ultrasonography were performed. The suspected patients were subjected to cranial computerized tomography and fundus examination. The clinical data of the patients with confirmed VHL disease were collected from hospital records. A total of 63 lineal descendants in six generations were observed in the family (generations O, A, B, C, D, E), including 9 dead suspected cases (6 males, 3 females) and 10 living cases (2 males, 8 females). Among the 10 living cases, 4, 2, 1, 3, 4, 8, and 2 manifested HBLs of the CNS, PETs, RCC, pancreatic cysts, renal cysts, pheochromocytomas (4 hemi and 4 bilateral), and paragangliomas, respectively. Data showed that the morbidity of VHL disease in generation C was lower than that in generation B, but the age of onset was younger. This study is the first to report VHL disease in northwest China and VHL-associated PET cases in Chinese. Therefore, follow-up checkups of the family should be focused on younger generations. Proper family screening protocols should be followed for the treatment of patients with VHL disease.

关键词： von Hippel-Lindau disease epidemiology family screening pancreatic endocrine tumor

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DITCHES AND PONDS CAN BE THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND AREAIN THE JINGLINXI CATCHMENT, CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 607-626 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023517

摘要：

As the common features of agroecosystems, ditches and ponds benefit the irrigation and drainage, as well as intercepting non-point source pollutants. However, most ditch-pond studies have been conducted in lowland areas. To test this source-sink assumption in upland areas, this study made observations on the ecological function of the ditch and pond system in a typical catchment in China. First, the changes in ponds in the catchment were analyzed using high-resolution remote sensing data. Then, the migration of agricultural pollutants in ditches and ponds were analyzed by field sampling and laboratory detection. The results showed that over the past 15 years the length of ditches in the catchment and the number of small ponds (< 500 m²) have increased by 32% and 75%, respectively. The rate of change in nutrient concentrations in the ditches and ponds were mostly from −20% to 20%, indicating ditches and ponds can be both sources and sinks for agricultural pollutants. Lastly, the contributing factors were explored and it was found that ditches and ponds are important sinks in dry season. However, during the rainy season, ditches and ponds become sources of pollutants, with the rapid drainage of ditches and the overflow of ponds in upland areas. The results of this study revealed that the ditches and ponds could be used for ecological engineering in upland catchments to balance drainage and intercept pollutants.

关键词： ditches ponds non-point source pollution mountainous areas nitrogen phosphorus

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The Fast Road of Shale Gas Development in China —Reflections on Building a Special Test Areas for National

Da-wei Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 364-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015062

摘要： China’s shale gas development has had a good start. It is necessary that the developers take advantage of the opportunity to make further efforts to promote shale gas development in China, in particular by rolling out a comprehensive plan on a national level. The author makes a proposal to establish a special shale gas test area in and adjacent to the Sichuan Basin as the most important way to promote the rapid development of shale gas in China. For this purpose, the author analyzes the current situation and problems of shale gas development in China, addresses the necessity and feasibility of establishing a special test area for shale gas development, and draws up the scope of this shale gas special test area of about 450 thousand square kilometers, covering Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and part of Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei provinces, and proposes the establishment of a shale gas test area in China. This consists of an overall plan, targets, and contents in 10 aspects, along with organization and implementation modes. The shale gas exploration and development in the shale gas zones is promoted vigorously by introducing special policies and innovating exploration, development and utilization model. While at the same time, the shale gas zones of continental facies in the Ordos Basin and marine-terrigenous facies in South Hubei Basin will be established. The experiences of the reform in the shale gas zones will be the good practice for the reform of petroleum organization system.

关键词： China shale gas exploration and development reform special shale gas test area (shale gas zone)